Hell

What is Hell? Where did we get our modern thoughts of Hell from?
Pictured above is Valley of Hinnom (gehenna)

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Gehenna

22 But I say unto you, That whosoever is angry with his brother without a cause shall be in danger of the judgment: and whosoever shall say to his brother, Raca, shall be in danger of the council: but whosoever shall say, Thou fool, shall be in danger of hell fire. -Matthew 5:22  King James Version

29 And if thy right eye offend thee, pluck it out, and cast it from thee: for it is profitable for thee that one of thy members should perish, and not that thy whole body should be cast into hell.
30 And if thy right hand offend thee, cut it off, and cast it from thee: for it is profitable for thee that one of thy members should perish, and not that thy whole body should be cast into hell. -Matthew 5:29-30  King James Version

All three times hell is mentioned in Matthew chapter 5 it is referring to the word gehenna

"Southwest of the city was the Valley of Hinnom, an area that had a long history of desecration. The steep gorge was once used to burn children in sacrifice to the Ammonite god Molech (2 Kings 23:10; Jer. 7:31; 32:35). Jeremiah denounced such practices by saying that Hinnom Valley would become the valley of God's judgment, a place of slaughter (Jer. 7:32; 19:5-7). As the years passed, a sense of foreboding hung over the valley. People began to burn their garbage and offal there, using sulfur, the flammable substance we now use in matches and gunpowder. Eventually, the Hebrew name ge-hinnom (canyon of Hinnom) evolved into geenna (gehenna)"-William Crockett in Four Views on Hell, p. 58

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Furnace of fire

42 And shall cast them into a furnace of fire: there shall be wailing and gnashing of teeth. -Matthew 13:42 King James Version

50 And shall cast them into the furnace of fire: there shall be wailing and gnashing of teeth. -Matthew 13:50 King James Version

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Outer darkness

12 But the children of the kingdom shall be cast out into outer darkness: there shall be weeping and gnashing of teeth. -Matthew 8:12  King James Version

Outer darkness is referring to being cast out in obscurity.